Cooling system



O t. 10, 9 3- c. o. GUERNSEY 1,930,387

COOLING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 29, 1950 K10191 221? Ci ar $8 Quezazsqy Patented Oct. 10, 1933 UNITED STATES COOLING SYSTEM Charles 0. Guernsey, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application August 29, 1930.

6 Claims.

This invention relates to cooling systems for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to that type of cooling system employing forced circulation through a centrifugal pump.

In the usual system of this character as applied to automotive vehicles, a radiator is pro vided which is connected in series with a water jacket of the engine. A pump draws water from the radiator, usually at the lower end thereof, and delivers this water to the lower end of the water tank of the engine. From the engine the water is returned to the radiator at a vented tank, usually disposed at the top thereof. Movement of the water through the radiator is usually assisted by gravity and promoted by the suction of the pump. Centrifugal pumps, particularly when operated at high speed, create considerable suction and tend to withdraw from the radiator more water than can be conveniently passed through the restricted tube area of the cooling section thereof. This causes a relatively high vacuum on the suction side of the pump and is very disadvantageous as such a pump can deliver more water with the pressure head on the discharge side than it can with the corresponding vacuum head on the suction side. Ithas a further disadvantage in handling hot water, as is usually the case in circulating water through the radiator system of the engine, that the boiling point of the water due to the vacuum created is materially reduced so that the water boils or has a tendency to boil in the suction side of the pump thereby reducing its efficiency and the amount of water I delivered.

An important object of this invention is the provision of an arrangement in a circulating system of this character such that a constant head is maintained against the suction side of the pump preventing reduced pressures and insuring proper circulation by the pump.

A further and more specific object of the invention is the provision in combination with a circulating system embodying the water jacket of an internal combustion engine, a radiator and a pump for circulating water therethrough, of a supplemental tank arrangement to store an excess supply of fluid for the circulating system and connected in the system in such man: ner that its heads is delivered against the suction side of the pump.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement of this character which may be conveniently installed in any circulation system of this character.

Serial No. 478,721

These and other objects I attain by the construction shown in the accompanying drawing wherein, for the purpose of illustration, I have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention and wherein the Figure is a partially diagrammatic illustration showing the circulation system embodying my invention.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, the numeral 10 generally designates an internal combustion engine, 11 the water jacket thereof, 12 a radiator of any usual or ordinary. construction, and 13 a centrifugal pump connected by the lower header 14 of the radiator 12. In accordance with my invention, I connect to the outlet 15 of the water jacket 11 a tank or header 16 preferably of a size such that it extends well above the upper end of header 17 of the radiator. A reserve tank'ls is provided, this second tank having its upper end connected with the upper end of the header 16 through a restricted orifice 19 at present shown a as a length of small conduit. Tank 18 has its upper end vented as at 20 and has its lower end, which is arranged above the upper end of radi-- ator 12, connected through a conduit 21 with storage or expansion tank 18 and being so connected in the system that its head is applied at all times against the suction side of the pump thus relieving any vacuum toward which there may be tendency. Fluid delivered by the H pump 13 to the water jacket at a higher rate than it can pass through radiator 12 will bypass through the orifice 19 to tank 20 and so maintain the head against the suction side of the pump. Any steam which may collect in the system will be passed over from header 16 to tank 20, header 16 acting as a separator and preferably having its upper end extended above the normal water level of the system. This arrangement not, only relieves the tendency to vacuum at the suction side of the pump but maintains the entire cooling system above atmospheric pressure with the result that there is an actual increase in the boiling point of the fluid contained in the system thus rendering the same particularly adapted for use in conjunction with internal combustion engines the greata superatmospheric pressure against the intake est efliciency of which is obtained when operating at high temperatures.

While the apparatus is primarily intended for and is illustrated in conjunction with the circulation system of internal combustion engines, it might obviously be conveniently employed in any circulation system wherein the conditions were such that there was a. tendency to formation of vacuum at the suction side of the pump. I, accordingly, do not limit myself to the particular arrangement hereinbefore set forth except as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1. A circulation system for fluid-cooled internal combustion engines comprising a fluid jacket for the engine, a radiator, a connection between the jacket and radiator leading from the upper end of the jacket, a centrifugal pump .for withdrawing water from the radiator and delivering it to the jacket, means for maintaining a superatmospheric pressure against the intake of the pump, comprising an expansion tank receiving fluid from the connection between the jacket and radiator and an outlet for said tank communicating with the connection between the radiator and pump.

2. A circulation, system for fluid-cooled internal combustion engines comprising a fluid jacket for the engine, a radiator, a connection between the jacketand radiator leading from the upperend of thejacket, a centrifugal pumpfor withdrawing water from the radiator and delivering it to the jacket, means for maintaining a superatmospheric pressure against the intake of the pump, the connection between the jacket and radiator including a header a portion of which projects above the normal level of fluid in the system, an expansion tank, a connection between the expansion tank and the upper end of said portion of the headerand a connection between the lower end of the expansion tank and the system between the radiator and pump.

3. A circulationsystem for fluid-cooled internal combustion engines comprising a fluid jacket for the engine, a radiator, a connection between the jacket and radiator leading from the upperend of the jacket, a centrifugal pump for withdrawing water from the radiator and delivering it to the jacket, means for maintaining of the pump, the connection between the jacket and radiator including a header a portion of which projects above the normal level of fluid in the system, an expansion tank, a connection between the expansion tank and the upper end of said portion of the header and a connection between the lower end of the expansion tank and the system between the radiator and pump, the connection between the header and expansion tank aifording a restricted orifice.

4. In combination with a continuously open liquid circulation system including a pump, an element to be cooled and having a jacket to which the pump discharges, a radiator, a connection between the upper end of the jacket and the radiator and a connection between the discharge of the radiator and the intake of the pump, a continuously open connection between the first and second-named connections including a vented liquid storage means.

'5. In combination with a continuously open liquid circulation system including a pump, an element to be cooled and having a jacket to which the pump discharges, a radiator, a connection between the upper end of the jacket and the radiator and a connection between the discharge of the radiator and the intake of the pump, a continuously open connection between the first and second-named connections including liquid storage means and including means restricting the flow therethrough to thereby insure a major circulation through said circulation system.

6. In combination with an internal combustion engine having a jacket, a pump to deliver liquid to said jacket, a radiator, a connection between the radiator and jacket, a connection between the radiator and pump, said jacket, radiator and said connections comprising a continuously open normal circulation system for liquid, a storage tank in continuous communication with the intake of the pump and a continuously open connection between said storage tank and the connection between the jacket and radiator restricting-the transfer of liquid from the jacket-to-radiator connection to said storage tank.

CHARLES O. GUERNSEY. 

